Difference between C and C++

 Difference between C and C++

Similarities between C and C++ are: 

• Both the languages have a similar syntax.
• Code structure of both the languages are same.
• The compilation of both the languages is similar.
• They share the same basic syntax. Nearly all of C’s operators and keywords are also present in C++ and do the same thing.
• C++ has a slightly extended grammar than C, but the basic grammar is the same.
• Basic memory model of both is very close to the hardware.
• Same notions of stack, heap, file-scope and static variables are present in both the languages.

Differences between C and C++ are: 

C++ is often viewed as a superset of C. This was very nearly true when C++ was originally created, but the two languages have evolved over time with C picking up a number of features that either weren’t found in the contemporary version of C++ or still haven’t made it into any version of C++. That said, C++ is still mostly a superset of C adding Object-Oriented Programming, Exception Handling, Templating, and a more extensive standard library. 

Below is a table of some of the more obvious and general differences between C and C++. There are many more subtle differences between the languages and between versions of the languages.

C	C++
C was developed by Dennis Ritchie between the year 1969 and 1973 at AT&T Bell Labs.	C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979.
C does no support polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance which means that C does not support object oriented programming.	C++ supports polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance because it is an object oriented programming language.
C is (mostly) a subset of C++.	C++ is (mostly) a superset of C.
Number of keywords in C: * C90: 32 * C99: 37 * C11: 44 * C23: 59	Number of keywords in C++: * C++98: 63 * C++11: 73 * C++17: 73 * C++20: 81
Data and functions are separated in C because it is a procedural programming language.	Data and functions are encapsulated together in form of an object in C++.
C does not support information hiding.	Data is hidden by the Encapsulation to ensure that data structures and operators are used as intended.
Built-in data types is supported in C.	Built-in & user-defined data types is supported in C++.
C is a function driven language because C is a procedural programming language.	C++ is an object driven language because it is an object oriented programming.
Function and operator overloading is not supported in C.	Function and operator overloading is supported by C++.
C is a function-driven language.	C++ is an object-driven language
Functions in C are not defined inside structures.	Functions can be used inside a structure in C++.
Namespace features are not present inside the C.	Namespace is used by C++, which avoid name collisions.
Standard IO header is stdio.h.	Standard IO header is iostream.h.
Reference variables are not supported by C.	Reference variables are supported by C++.
Virtual and friend functions are not supported by C.	Virtual and friend functions are supported by C++.
C does not support inheritance.	C++ supports inheritance.
Instead of focusing on data, C focuses on method or process.	C++ focuses on data instead of focusing on method or procedure.
C provides malloc() and calloc() functions for dynamic memory allocation, and free() for memory de-allocation.	C++ provides new operator for memory allocation and delete operator for memory de-allocation.
Direct support for exception handling is not supported by C.	Exception handling is supported by C++.
scanf() and printf() functions are used for input/output in C.	cin and cout are used for input/output in C++.
C structures don’t have access modifiers.	C ++ structures have access modifiers.
C follows the top-down approach.	C++ follows the Bottom-up approach
There is no strict type checking in C programming language.	Strict type checking in done in C++. So many programs that run well in C compiler will result in many warnings and errors under C++ compiler.
C does not support overloading	C++ does support overloading
There are 32 keywords in the C	There are 97 keywords in the C++
C	C++
C was developed by Dennis Ritchie between the year 1969 and 1973 at AT&T Bell Labs.	C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979.
C does no support polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance which means that C does not support object oriented programming.	C++ supports polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance because it is an object oriented programming language.
C is (mostly) a subset of C++.	C++ is (mostly) a superset of C.
Number of keywords in C:  * C90: 32  * C99: 37  * C11: 44  * C23: 59	Number of keywords in C++:  * C++98: 63  * C++11: 73  * C++17: 73  * C++20: 81
Data and functions are separated in C because it is a procedural programming language.	Data and functions are encapsulated together in form of an object in C++.
C does not support information hiding.	Data is hidden by the Encapsulation to ensure that data structures and operators are used as intended.
Built-in data types is supported in C.	Built-in & user-defined data types is supported in C++.
C is a function driven language because C is a procedural programming language.	C++ is an object driven language because it is an object oriented programming.
Function and operator overloading is not supported in C.	Function and operator overloading is supported by C++.
C is a function-driven language.	C++ is an object-driven language
Functions in C are not defined inside structures.	Functions can be used inside a structure in C++.
Namespace features are not present inside the C.	Namespace is used by C++, which avoid name collisions.
Standard IO header is stdio.h.	Standard IO header is iostream.h.
Reference variables are not supported by C.	Reference variables are supported by C++.
Virtual and friend functions are not supported by C.	Virtual and friend functions are supported by C++.
C does not support inheritance.	C++ supports inheritance.
Instead of focusing on data, C focuses on method or process.	C++ focuses on data instead of focusing on method or procedure.
C provides malloc() and calloc() functions for dynamic memory allocation, and free() for memory de-allocation.	C++ provides new operator for memory allocation and delete operator for memory de-allocation.
Direct support for exception handling is not supported by C.	Exception handling is supported by C++.
scanf() and printf() functions are used for input/output in C.	cin and cout are used for input/output in C++.
C structures don’t have access modifiers.	C ++ structures have access modifiers.
C follows the top-down approach.	C++ follows the Bottom-up approach
There is no strict type checking in C programming language.	Strict type checking in done in C++. So many programs that run well in C compiler will result in many warnings and errors under C++ compiler.
C does not support overloading	C++ does support overloading
There are 32 keywords in the C	There are 97 keywords in the C++
For the development of code, C supports procedural programming.	C++ is known as hybrid language because C++ supports both procedural and object oriented programming paradigms.